India’s Northeast, often referred to as the land of seven sisters and one brother – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim – holds a unique position in the country. Geographically, it is connected to the rest of India through the narrow Siliguri Corridor, also known as the “chicken neck.” This region shares 99 percent of its boundaries with Nepal, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, while only one percent is shared with Indian states.
The Northeast is characterized by its diverse ethnic composition, encompassing over 160 Scheduled Tribes and approximately 400 distinct tribal and sub-tribal groups, with more than 175 different languages spoken. Additionally, there is a significant non-tribal population residing in Assam and Tripura, contributing to the region’s vibrant cultural tapestry.
However, despite its cultural richness, the Northeast faced a long-standing history of neglect and underdevelopment under previous governments. This vacuum created an environment susceptible to extremism and violence. Instead of addressing the underlying issues and striving for peaceful resolutions, security forces were deployed, exacerbating local sentiments and further alienating the people from the rest of the country.
The root causes of these averse local sentiments can be traced back to economic disparities, political frustrations, and the overall lack of development in the region. The absence of adequate infrastructure, limited access to quality education and healthcare, and insufficient job opportunities contributed to a sense of frustration and disconnection.
However, since 2014, a transformative shift has taken place with the Modi government’s focus on development, recognition, and prosperity for the Northeast. The region has witnessed increased attention, as evidenced by numerous visits from the Prime Minister and Union Ministers, indicating its integration into India’s mainstream policy framework.
Building Bridges and Celebrating Cultural Heritage
Efforts have been made to bridge the development gap and uplift the region. Initiatives such as the Act East Policy, connectivity projects like the Bogibeel Bridge, and infrastructure development have helped in strengthening the region’s economic growth and integration with the rest of the country.
Furthermore, the government has prioritized the preservation and promotion of the region’s rich cultural heritage. Schemes and programs have been launched to revive and showcase traditional arts, crafts, music, and dance forms. Cultural festivals like the Hornbill Festival in Nagaland and Sangai Festival in Manipur have gained national and international recognition, attracting tourists and fostering cultural exchange.
The Northeast is gradually emerging from the shadows of neglect and violence, as steps are being taken to address the root causes of grievances and build a foundation for peace and prosperity. Through focused development initiatives, improved connectivity, and a greater emphasis on inclusivity and economic empowerment, the Northeast is moving towards a brighter future, where its unique identity is celebrated and its potential fully realized.
Resolving Conflicts and Paving the Path to Peace in Northeast India
In the last nine years, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Northeast India has witnessed a transformative shift from a history of division to a future of unity and prosperity. Several significant peace accords have been signed, marking the end of long-standing disputes in the region. These agreements have not only brought an end to ideological conflicts but have also provided a platform for the youth of the Northeast to embrace opportunities for a better future.
One remarkable example is the Bodo Accord signed on 27 January 2020. This historic agreement led to the establishment of the Bodoland Territorial Region within Assam, resolving the Bodo autonomy movement that had persisted for five decades. Similarly, the Bru-Reang Agreement signed on 16 January 2020 brought an end to the 23-year-long Bru-Reang refugee crisis, enabling the settlement of 37,000 displaced people and providing them with a chance to rebuild their lives.
Another significant milestone was the Assam-Meghalaya Inter-State Boundary Agreement signed on 29 March 2022. This agreement effectively resolved boundary disputes between Assam and Meghalaya, putting an end to the recurring violent clashes that had disrupted normal life along the state border.
These peace agreements have not only fostered reconciliation but have also contributed to a significant reduction in armed conflict in the region. They have encouraged many Northeastern youth to relinquish arms and embrace opportunities that offer a brighter future for themselves, their families, and their communities.
Notably, the agreement with the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) in August 2019 led to the surrender of 88 cadres and 44 weapons, while a similar agreement with Karbis in September 2021 resulted in 1,000 armed cadres choosing to lay down their arms.
The positive outcomes of these peace agreements have had a profound impact on the socio-economic landscape of Northeast India. They have created an environment of stability and security, allowing the region to flourish and unlock its true potential. The youth, once caught in the cycle of violence, are now embracing education, skill development, and various opportunities for growth and empowerment.
The peace accords have not only resolved conflicts but have also paved the way for inclusive development and the upliftment of the Northeastern communities. With a renewed sense of hope and progress, the region is embracing a future filled with possibilities, where the aspirations of its people can be realized, and a prosperous and harmonious society can thrive.
Stepping Towards an Insurgency-free Northeast India
The journey towards making Northeast India insurgency-free by 2024 has witnessed a significant milestone with the tripartite agreement between the Government of India, the Government of Assam, and the Dimasa National Liberation Army/Dimasa Peoples’ Supreme Council (DNLA/DPSC). This agreement marks a decisive step towards curbing insurgency in the Dima Hasao district of Assam.
The agreement has led to a substantial number of cadres surrendering, renouncing violence, and embracing a path of peace. These individuals have willingly vacated their camps and integrated into mainstream society, leaving behind the shadows of conflict and embracing a future of hope and progress.
To support the holistic development of the NCHAC (North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council), a special development package of 500 crores will be provided by the Government of India and the Government of Assam over a span of five years. This financial assistance aims to foster inclusive development and upliftment in the region, addressing the socio-economic disparities that were once exploited by extremist elements.
The impact of these peace accords extends beyond the immediate cessation of violence. They have contributed to a substantial reduction in the number of disturbed areas under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA). Notably, AFSPA has been completely withdrawn from Tripura and Meghalaya, symbolizing a shift towards normalcy and a renewed focus on progress and development. These previously labeled ‘disturbed areas’ have now become ‘aspirational areas,’ as described by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The efforts to bring peace and security to Northeast India have yielded promising results. Since 2014, there has been a remarkable reduction of 76 percent in extremist incidents, highlighting the positive impact of the government’s proactive approach. Moreover, the casualty rate among civilians and police personnel has significantly decreased, with a decline of 97 percent and 90 percent, respectively. These figures are a testament to the success of the government’s efforts in creating a safer environment for the people of Northeast India.
The journey towards an insurgency-free Northeast India is not solely about ending violence but also about fostering sustainable peace, inclusive development, and social harmony. The tripartite agreements, coupled with dedicated development packages and a comprehensive approach towards addressing grievances, are paving the way for a brighter future in the region. The vision of a peaceful and prosperous Northeast India is within reach, and the collective efforts of the government, security forces, and the people themselves are shaping a new era of stability and progress.
Under the transformative leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the northeastern region has experienced a profound shift towards change and economic progress. Over the course of the past nine years, the Prime Minister has demonstrated his commitment to the principles of inclusivity and holistic development, ensuring that every policy decision is guided by the vision of “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas” (Together with all, Development for all).
The result is a new era of growth and empowerment, where the dreams of self-reliance are being realized, and the northeast region is not only keeping pace with the rest of the country but also leading the way towards peace and prosperity. It serves as a true embodiment of progress, akin to the Ashtalakshmi, the symbol of prosperity in Hindu mythology.
